The Song of the Cathar Wars by William of Tudela

We detected an inhibition of the degradation PAHs by SOA coatings by collecting PAHs simultaneously at the three sites. The results of this study are consistent with laboratory studies in which secondary organic aerosol (SOA) coatings protected PAHs from degradation by ozone. Benzopyrene persisted in 5–16% of samples. We estimated the relative contributions of the PAHs at the three sites by normalizing the PAH concentrations to elemental carbon. We identified air masses that passed over all sites and combined our measurements with a chemical transport model.

PAHs were analyzed via gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. These remote sites were convenient for investigating the degradation of PAHs during long-range transport. Aerosols were collected simultaneously at remote sites on Tuoji Island, China Fukue Island, Japan and the Cape Hedo Atmosphere and Aerosol Measurement Station (CHAAMS), Okinawa, Japan in April, October, and December from 2012 to 2013. 'synopsis' may belong to another edition of this title.We investigated the degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) during long-range transport. Other publications by her include the Song of Roland and, in this Crusade Texts in Translation series, Crusader Syria in the 13th Century and, with Peter Edbury, Guillaume de Machaut: The Conquest of Alexandria.

Janet Shirley is an award-winning translator of works on the French Middle Ages. The poem is also a skilful, dramatic and often impassioned composition, evoking the brilliant world of landed knights and the glories and bloody realities of battle. It stands as a historical source of great importance, not least because it depicts the side that lost. This â€˜songâ€™ was written in two parts, the first by William of Tudela, a supporter of the crusade the second by an anonymous continuer, wholeheartedly in sympathy with the southerners, although not with the heretics themselves. In an effort to extirpate the Cathar heresy, Pope Innocent III launched what is now known as the Albigensian Crusade, but it was fiercely resisted by the lords and people of the Languedoc, if in the end in vain. The Song of the Cathar Wars is the first translation into English of the Old ProvenÃ§al Canso recounting the events of the years 1204-1218 in Southern France.

The Song of the Cathar Wars by William of Tudela